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Author: Kayla Benson

Dai Group Published in Advanced Energy & Sustainability Research

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The Dai Group published their work “Organic Cathode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Past, Present, and Future” in Advanced Energy & Sustainability Research.

With the rapid development of energy storage systems in power supplies and electrical vehicles, the search for sustainable cathode materials to enhance the energy density of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) has become the focus in both academic and industrial studies. Currently, the widely utilized inorganic cathode materials have suffered from drawbacks such as limited capacity, high energy consumption in production, potential safety hazards, and high‐cost raw materials. It is necessary to develop green and sustainable cathode materials with higher specific capacity, better safety property, and more abundant natural resources.

As alternatives, organic cathode materials possess the advantages of high theoretical capacity, environmental friendliness, flexible structure design, systemic safety, and natural abundance, making them a promising class of energy storage materials.

This research reviews the development history of the organic cathode materials and recent research developments, introducing several categories of typical organic compounds as cathode materials for LIBs, including conductive polymers, organosulfur compounds, organic radical compounds, organic carbonyl compounds, and organic imine compounds. The electrochemical performance, electrode reaction mechanism, and pros and cons of different organic cathode materials have been comparatively analyzed to identify their challenges to be addressed.

The future research and improvement directions of the organic cathode materials have also been proposed in this review.

Dai Group Published in I&EC

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The Dai Group published their work “Mechanochemical Synthesis of High-Purity Anhydrous Binary Alkali and Alkaline Earth Chloride Mixtures” in the Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry (I&EC).

A direct synthesis route for high-purity, anhydrous binary salt mixtures has been developed. This atom efficient, solvent-free process is easily scalable, with the potential to produce salt mixtures that meet the purity standards required for industrial heat transfer and nuclear applications. The essence of the methodology lies in mechanochemical synthesis of carnallite precursors that can mitigate the hydrolysis of MgCl2·6H2O under direct heating. Each dehydrated salt carnallite was then analyzed for purity and oxide content through subsequent powder X-ray diffraction, and strong acid titration. This process presents a more effective alternative route compared to previous methods for obtaining low-oxide, high-purity chloride salt mixtures.

Phillip Halstenberg, graduate student, oversaw all experimentation and writing of this manuscript. Dmitry Maltsev was responsible for pXRD
measurements and data evaluation. Ellie Kim and Dianna
Nguyen performed titrations and calculations to quantify oxide
content as part of their undergraduate research. Sheng
Dai advised and oversaw all experimentation.

Campagna Lab Published in JNP

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The Campagna Lab published their work “Isoflurane anesthesia disrupts the cortical metabolome” in a collaborative piece in the Journal of Neurophysiology (JNP). 

Identifying similarities and differences in the brain metabolome during different states of consciousness has broad relevance for neuroscience and state-dependent autonomic function. This study focused on prefrontal cortex (PFC) as a brain region known to modulate states of consciousness.

Anesthesia was used as a tool to eliminate wakefulness. Untargeted metabolomic analyses were performed on microdialysis samples obtained from mouse PFC during wakefulness and during isoflurane anesthesia.

Analyses detected 2153 molecules, 91 of which could be identified. Analytes were grouped as detected during both wakefulness and anesthesia (n=61), and as unique to wakefulness (n=23) or anesthesia (n=7). Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate approaches. Relative to wakefulness, during anesthesia there was a significant (q < 0.0001) four-fold change in 21 metabolites. During anesthesia 11 of these 21 molecules decreased and 10 increased.

The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database was used to relate behavioral state specific changes in the metabolome to metabolic pathways. Relative to wakefulness, most of the amino acids and analogs measured were significantly decreased during isoflurane anesthesia. Nucleosides and analogs were significantly increased during anesthesia. Molecules associated with carbohydrate metabolism, maintenance of lipid membranes, and normal cell functions were significantly decreased during anesthesia.

Significant state-specific changes also were discovered among molecules comprising lipids and fatty acids, monosaccharides, and organic acids. Considered together, these molecules regulate point to point transmission, volume conduction, and cellular metabolism. The results identify a novel ensemble of candidate molecules in PFC as putative modulators of wakefulness and the loss of wakefulness.

Barnes Wins FYCA Faculty Lead Award

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The First Year Course Academy (FYCA) provides resources, tools, and information to help UT-Knoxville instructors make a difference for students enrolled in their first-year courses. FYCA is a new initiative to equip instructors of these courses with best practices for teaching and engaging with first-year students in online, hybrid, and hyflex courses. The Office of the Provost, Teaching & Learning Innovation, the Division of Student Success, and the Office of Information Technology have partnered to make these resources and information available to instructors of the 15 highest-enrolled courses with first-year students.

These courses are:

  • Biology 101 & 150
  • Chemistry 120
  • Engineering Fundamentals 151
  • English 101 & 102
  • Geography 131
  • Geology 101
  • Psychology 110
  • Math 119, 123, 125, 141, & 130
  • Sociology 120

All of these courses are also significant for our campus because of the high drop, fail, and withdrawal rate for our students. The FYCA program is also intended to help improve these concerns and equip our instructors with the tools they need to be advocates of student success.

Department of Chemistry’s, Christiane Barnes, has received a Faculty Lead Award for the work she did with Noodle partners for the development of FYCA.

“I enjoyed working with the Noodle people this past summer.  Building the Chem 120 course shell made me look at the course material and the way we set up the course on Canvas from a different perspective,” Barnes said. “It was truly an educational experience and it gave me a better grasp on the delivery of course content when you are teaching online. We are currently working on a new Chem 130 course shell and I believe it will even be better than the one we did this past summer.”

Brantley Group Published in ACS Macro Letters

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The Brantley Group published their work “General Access to Allene-Containing Polymers Using the Skattebøl Rearrangement” in ACS Macro Letters. Primary author is Nick Galan, graduate student in the Brantley Group.

Postsynthetic modification is a powerful strategy for tuning soft materials. While methods for side-chain functionalization abound, modifications of backbone structural elements can be difficult to achieve. This challenge arises, in part, from a lack of intrinsically reactive motifs that can be installed in the main chain of a polymer. Incorporating established synthetic handles into polymer architectures is paramount for overcoming this limitation.

Allenes are salient examples of moieties that could be leveraged in a wide range of postsynthetic modifications; however, the synthesis of a polyallene has proven elusive. Using the metathesis polymer of norbornene as a model architecture, the Brantley Group have established the Skattebøl rearrangement as a facile route to polyallenes. Polymers with varying allene content (20–95%) were readily prepared in excellent yields (89–94%). These materials possess unique optical properties and can be engaged through further postsynthetic modifications. As such, polyallenes could serve as valuable platforms for developing functional soft materials.

Nicholas Galan
Nick Galan

“Our results suggest that installing allenes within soft materials could open underexplored chemical space for polymer design and modification,” Galan said. “As such, we expect that our work will serve as a general platform for developing new types of tunable or stimulus-responsive materials.”

ACGS Halloween Costume Contest

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Social events and social distancing don’t necessarily mesh very well! Due to COVID-19, ACGS has decided to do a socially distant Halloween Costume Contest to bring some very spooky cheer to the department in lieu of a fall social. All faculty, staff, lecturers, post-docs, and graduate students are invited to participate and show off their creative side!

November 2nd-9th, polls will open through email and best dressed will be chosen democratically! Monetary prizes of $100 for 1st place, $50 for 2nd, and $25/ea for 3rd, 4th, and 5th will be awarded! 

Winners Update:

1st place – Avery Blockmon and Kiman Park “Men in Black”

2nd place – Douglas Stewart “Plague Doctor”

3rd place – Megan Qualls “Mary Poppins”

4th place – Ampofo Darko “Zoom Outfit”

5th place – Eleanor Page “James from Team Rocket”

Douglas Stuart “Plague Doctor”
Abby Sallee “Graduated Cylinder”
Ampofo Darko “Zoom Outfit”
Justin Kirby “Lex Luther”

Megan Qualls “Mary Poppins”
Ryker Hill “JoJo Character”
Kerani Davidson “Ninja Turtle”
Erin Drufva “Totoro”
Avery Blockmon & Kiman Park “Men in Black”

Sam Peay “Dead Person”
Zane Vickery “Han Solo”
Maggie Powell, Sarah Hirschbeck & Bailey Eberle “H2O”

Eleanor Page “James from Team Rocket”

Nia Parker & Elizabeth O’Connell “Bring it on”

Justin Burroughs “Cowboy”

Brantley Group Published in Macromolecules

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The Brantley Group published their work “Exploring Combinatorial Approaches to Polymer Diversification” in Macromolecules. 

Diversity-oriented strategies can facilitate the rapid exploration of chemical space during small-molecule synthesis, but similar approaches are underutilized for macromolecular substrates. Expanding the repertoire of soft material manipulations to accommodate iterative diversifications could enable the design of bespoke polymers with a range of novel structures and properties.

“To explore this concept, we chose to leverage the efficiency of Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling to rapidly access an array of functionalized polystyrene surrogates from a readily accessible polystyrene-p-pinacol boronic ester,” Brain Jacobs, postdoc, said. “A variety of C(sp2) electrophiles efficiently coupled with our model polymer (51–99% functionalization) in moderate-to-good yields (44–96%). “

Optimized coupling reactions afforded products with minimal changes in overall dispersity (as determined by gel permeation chromatography), which suggested that the desired coupling occurred with good fidelity. “Select products were subjected to further modifications (e.g., Wittig olefination, reduction, imine condensation) to showcase the diverse array of reactivities that can be accessed using our strategy.” Jacobs said. 

Kilbey’s Research Leadership with ORE

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Mike Kilbey wraps up a year of research leadership at the UT, Knoxville, serving as chair of the Research Council of Faculty Senate and as a Faculty Fellow for Strategic Research Initiatives in the Office of Research and Engagement.

The Research Council works to promote excellence in research, scholarship, and creative activity, and provides counsel to the university’s research administration on matters that effect research.

The role of a Faculty Fellow is to assist the Associate Vice Chancellor for Strategic Research Initiatives and their team in efforts to strategically position and enhance competitiveness for large, multidisciplinary research funding.

“It was exciting to see the diversity of scholarly work that is ongoing at UT, to connect with faculty and research leaders from across the university, and to be engaged at a time when dynamic changes that impact the research landscape of the university are taking place,” Kilbey said.

Best Group Published in Chemistry and Physics of Lipids

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The Best Group’s article titled “Metabolic labeling of glycerophospholipids via clickable analogs derivatized at the lipid headgroup” was published in Chemistry and Physics of Lipids.

Metabolic labeling, in which substrate analogs containing diminutive tags can infiltrate biosynthetic pathways and generate labeled products in cells, has led to dramatic advancements in the means by which complex biomolecules can be detected and biological processes can be elucidated.

Within this realm, metabolic labeling of lipid products, particularly in a manner that is headgroup-specific, brings about a number of technical challenges including the complexity of lipid metabolic pathways as well as the simplicity of biosynthetic precursors to headgroup functionality. As such, only a handful of strategies for metabolic labeling of lipids have thus far been reported. However, these approaches provide enticing examples of how strategic modifications to substrate structures, particularly by introducing clickable moieties, can enable the hijacking of lipid biosynthesis.

Furthermore, early work in this field has led to an explosion in diverse applications by which these techniques have been exploited to answer key biological questions or detect and track various lipid-containing biological entities. In this article, the group reviews these efforts and emphasize recent advancements in the development and application of lipid metabolic labeling strategies.

Hazari Celebrates NCW With His 30th Annual “Magic of Chemistry Show”

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National Chemistry Week (NCW) is a community-based program of the American Chemical Society (ACS). This annual program unites ACS local sections, student chapters, technical divisions, businesses, schools, and individuals in communicating the importance of chemistry to our quality of life. NCW occurs annually during the third week of October.

The mission of NCW is to reach the public, particularly elementary and secondary school children, with positive messages about chemistry to:

  • Make a positive change in the public’s impression of chemistry;
  • Promote a mechanism for effectively mobilizing ACS local sections; and
  • Motivate the ACS membership through local section activities.

NCW 2020, October 18–24
Topic: Glues and Adhesives
Theme: Sticking with Chemistry

Hazari Celebrated NCW With His 30th Annual “Magic of Chemistry Show.”

Hazari is a retired UT chemistry professor has spent the past 30 years putting on science shows for audiences all over East Tennessee.